Introduction:
U.A.E stands for United Arab Emirates. United Emirates is the Muslims stage in which 80 million people are living. Out of 80 million 60 million people are foreigners. The religion in this country is Islam. U.A.E came into being in 1971. Sheik Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan is the founder of U.A.E. The UAE’s ancient heritage stretches back for at least 200,000 years with the earliest evidence of ancient settlements dated to 85,000 years ago. By 5500 BC, when the climate was wetter than it is today and food resources abundant, the UAE’s inhabitants were building extensive stone houses, while the pearling industry had begun and maritime trade links with civilizations to the north had been established.
History of UAE:
The U.A.E was formed from the group of tribal's which are along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwest coast of the Gulf of Oman. By the first century AD overland caravan traffic between Syria and cities in southern Iraq, followed by seaborne travel to the important port of Omana (perhaps present-day Umm al-Qaiwain) and thence to India was an alternative to the Red Sea route used by the Romans. Pearls had been exploited in the area for millennia but at this time the trade reached new heights. Seafaring was also a mainstay and major fairs were held at Dibba, bringing merchants from as far afield as China. The arrival of envoys from the Prophet Muhammad in 630 AD heralded the conversion of the region to Islam with Dibba again featuring, this time as a battleground in the wake of the Prophet’s death. By 637 AD Islamic armies were using Julfar (Ra’s al-Khaimah) as a staging post for the conquest of Iran.
Over many centuries, Julfar became a wealthy port and pearling centre from which great wooden dhows ranged far and wide across the Indian Ocean.
The Portuguese arrival in the Gulf in the sixteenth century had bloody consequences for the Arab residents of Julfar and east coast ports like Dibba, Bidiya, Khor Fakkan and Kalba. However, while European powers competed for regional supremacy, a local power, the Qawasim, was gathering strength. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Qawisim had built up a fleet of over 60 large vessels and could put nearly 20,000 sailors to sea, eventually provoking a British offensive to control the maritime trade routes between the Gulf and India For many years the kings of U.A.E was in a huge dispute.They have problems regarding with the borders with each other. From 17th to 19th century European and Arab navies were patrolling this area especially Ras al-khaimah. In that time United Kingdom ruled on this area. In 1853, they signed a treaty with the United Kingdom, under which the sheikhs agree to a "perpetual maritime truce."It was enforced by the united kingdom, and disputes among sheikhs were solved by the agreement of the tribal kings. In 1955, the United Kingdom start his contribution to solve the border dispute between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia. The border with Oman was also a problem but the two governments agreed to delineate the border in May 1999. The six kings which were ( Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaywayn.) combined in 1971.The seven state which is Ras al Khaymah joined the union in 1972.When the British-Trucial Sheikhdoms treaty expired on December 1, 1971, they became fully independent.
In 2004, the U.A.E first and only president until that time, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, died. His eldest son and Crown prince, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, succeeded him as Ruler of Abu Dhabi. In accordance with the Constitution, the U.A.E Supreme Council of Rulers elected Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan as U.A.E. Federal President. Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan succeeded Khalifa as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. In January 2006, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, U.A.E .Vice President and Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, passed away and was replaced by his brother, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
Conclusion:
Today, the economy of the UAE depends to a large extent on its export of oil and gas, which have provided the basis for industrial development. However, the export of raw materials is nothing new. Over 5000 years ago, copper was being mined in the UAE Mountains and was being exported to Mesopotamia. These contacts persisted and became wide-ranging as the climate became more arid and fortified oasis communities focused on agriculture.
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